Although site personnel quantity is dependent on many different factors not addressed here (for example, varying building systems, duration of a project, etc.), we can use a trendline average of these recent projects to inform rough projections for upcoming projects. The following month by month site personnel quantities are roughly supportable using the data shown above. Note that all else equal, a smaller job will have more personnel per GSF.

Site Personnel per 10,000 GSF

• Month 1. 0.25 to 1.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 2. 0.50 to 2.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 3. 0.50 to 3.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 4. 0.50 to 3.25 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 5. 0.50 to 3.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 6. 1.00 to 3.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 7. 1.00 to 5.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 8. 1.00 to 7.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 9. 1.00 to 8.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 10. 1.00 to 10.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 11. 3.00 to 11.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 12. 3.00 to 11.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 13. 3.25 to 11.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 14. 3.5 to 12.75 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 15. 4.00 to 11.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 16. 5.50 to 10.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 17. 5.50 to 9.75 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 18. 5.00 to 9.25 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 19. 4.50 to 7.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 20. 0.00 to 7.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 21. 0.00 to 7.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 22. 0.00 to 6.50 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 23. 0.00 to 6.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 24. 0.00 to 5.00 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 25. 0.00 to 4.75 per 10,000 GSF.

• Month 26. 0.00 to 4.00 per 10,000 GSF.

2-Total Personnel Ever on Site

Sometimes we are asked to provide a count of the number of individuals who work on a site throughout the course of the project. One way to get this info is to use the number of unique names that were provided with a badge for site access.

Unique Personnel/1,000 GSF

• 2.89 unique personnel per 1,000 GSF. Atlantic Chestnut 1. (7/17/24 from Skye.)

• 3.19 unique personnel per 1,000 GSF. Lambert 5. (7/17/24 from Skye.)

• 3.50 unique personnel per 1,000 GSF. 425 Grand Concourse. (7/17/24 from Skye.)

3-Total Site Personnel Hours

Separate from the maximum personnel on site at any given time or the number of jobs created by a project, our clients (or we) may also want to know the total number of hours expended on site. In order to support these estimates, here are the total on-site personnel hours for several recent projects from three different sources (note that there is more complete data in Precon Tools > Wages/ANY for this):

Total Site Personnel Hours/GSF

• 0.98 hours/GSF. Morris 1. CCIP

• 1.22 hours/GSF. 110 E 149th. CCIP

• 1.39 hours/GSF. Riverwalk 8. Procore

• 1.39 hours/GSF. Compass 2. CCIP

• 1.44 hours/GSF. Exterior St. CCIP

• 1.48 hours/GSF. KB25. CCIP

• 1.50 hours/GSF. Compass 5. CCIP

• 1.56 hours/GSF. NSC 4B2 Octets. CCIP

• 1.57 hours/GSF. Lambert 3A. Procore

• 1.58 hours/GSF. Gerard Ave. CCIP

• 1.69 hours/GSF. Broome St. Estimate

• 1.70 hours/GSF. 550 10th Ave. Estimate

• 1.74 hours/GSF. Second Farms. CCIP

• 1.81 hours/GSF. 1240 Metcalf. CCIP

• 1.81 hours/GSF. Compass 3. CCIP

• 1.82 hours/GSF. 985 Bruckner. Procore.

• 1.85 hours/GSF. GPL E1. Estimate.

• 1.88 hours/GSF. La Central. CCIP

• 1.90 hours/GSF. 1490 Southern. Procore

• 1.91 hours/GSF. Morris 2. CCIP

• 1.97 hours/GSF. NSC Senior. CCIP

• 2.08 hours/GSF. 509 W 38th. CCIP

4-Job Creation

In addition to on-site personnel, our clients also need to estimate job creation resulting from their projects—for government agencies, funders, impact statements, etc. Towards this end, we are often called upon to provide our estimate of job creation related to the construction work itself.

Without any reliable way to measure the quantity of jobs that were created by our past projects, we are forced to rely on public statistics on construction employment generation. Based on various sources, current estimates of jobs created for every $1 billion of construction spending appear to be between 1,800 – 7,200.

Job Creation per $1B in Construction Spending

• 7,200 jobs/$1B. Employment Created by Construction Spending by Robert Ball, December 1981.

• 6,300 jobs/$1B. Associated Builders and Contractors, May 24, 2018.

• 5,000 jobs/$1B. Jobs per $1 Billion of Infrastructure by Alex Carrick, April 4, 2017.

• 4,200 jobs/$1B. Analysis of Job Creation in PlaNYC Final Report, March 2008.

• 2,700 jobs/$1B (pre-Covid). 2023-2025 NYC Construction Outlook Report by NY Building Congress, 2023.

• 1,800 jobs/$1B (post-Covid). 2023-2025 NYC Construction Outlook Report by NY Building Congress, 2023.

Although these figures may intuitively seem far too high, they are the only figures we have so far found in the available literature on the topic.

5-Construction Equipment and Traffic

Our clients’ environmental impact statements typically ask for projections regarding road traffic to and from the site along with on-site equipment. Unfortunately, we have no rule of thumb for on-site equipment since it is too specific to site logistics and building type. For road traffic, we can use daily reports and traffic study precedents to arrive at some recommendations regarding daily trucks per 10,000 gross square feet by project phase. The values below are based on a 6-workday week.

Daily Trucks per 10,000 GSF by Project Phase

• Foundations: 0.035 (7 - 48 trucks/day in data)

• Superstructure: 0.015 (7 - 20 trucks/day in data)

• Facade: 0.015 (2 - 14 trucks/day in data)

• Finishes: 0.012 (3 - 9 trucks/day in data)